In the 17th and 18th centuries, cookbooks featuring recipes of “cuisine bourgeoise” became increasingly popular. This style is an adaptation of aristocratic cuisine featuring dishes like coq-au-vin and boeuf bourguignon.
French cuisine features hearty dishes typically complemented with cheeses and wine, using techniques such as poaching, sauteing, and flambe.
Origins
As the 17th century progressed, cookbooks began circulating to teach people how to cook. Francois Pierre La Varenne published his first authentic French cookbook in 1651: Le Cuisinier Franais. These cookbooks emphasized fresh ingredients and light cooking techniques which used less buttery fat. This style of French cooking became known as Cuisine Bourgeoise; dishes such as coq-au-vin, bouillabaisse and gratin dauphinois fell under this umbrella category; such recipes also highlighted local ingredients as part of making up dishes like stews and casseroles from scratch.
Fresh herbs and spices add deliciously fragrant notes to many dishes such as sauces, soups and roasted meats. Herbs like tarragon, chervil, rosemary and thyme add depth of flavor. Furthermore, bouquet garni (a bundle of herbs including parsley, thyme and bay leaves used to infuse stocks and soups with flavor) features them heavily.
Varieties
French cuisine is revered throughout the world for its intricacies, elegance and precision. Its three main classes – Haute cuisine, Provincial cuisine and Nouvelle cuisine – encapsulate distinct styles and techniques at its core that have made this culinary tradition so revered.
Garlic is an essential component in French cuisine, lending both its pungent aroma and flavor to enhance many different dishes. Roasting garlic for its delicious caramelized sweetness or sauteing it creates irresistibly irresistible sauce bases is often utilized.
Bread is the cornerstone of French cuisine, from crispy baguettes to the soft interior of pain aux raisins – these staples of every French home. Other notable ingredients are cheese and wine; both offer various varieties crafted with care; while sharing good food and drink among family and friends is part of French culture.
Preparation
French culinary techniques have long been revered across the globe. From velvety bearnaise to decadent veloute, French chefs’ sauce-making skills have left an imprintful mark on global cooking.
Early French chefs like Francois Pierre La Varenne and Marie-Antoine Careme began defining modern French cuisine during the 1600s by developing its distinctive flavors and styles, such as bouquet garni, fonds de cuisine and “mise en place.”
Mise en place isn’t simply a kitchen preparation technique – it’s also an approach to food that prioritizes precision and respect for ingredients. French chefs who employ this approach typically source fresh local and seasonal produce from markets in order to avoid wasteful overproduction and ensure flavors reach their zenith of flavor.
Ingredients
French cuisine is defined by fresh herbs and its combination of sweet and savory flavors, featuring iconic ingredients like mirepoix (a mixture of diced carrots and onions used in soups and stocks) as well as bechamel and veloute sauces that have made an impactful statement about culinary traditions worldwide.
Braising, which involves searing meat or vegetables before simmering them in stock and wine, is another hallmark of French cuisine. Confit is another technique commonly employed, in which salting ingredients in fat is used to preserve them for further use in culinary creations.
French cuisine has long been known for its deft balance between sweet and savory elements in their dishes, from duck a l’orange to creamy cheeses served on toast for breakfast. Techniques pioneered by chefs Marie-Antoine Careme and Escoffier remain foundational components in many contemporary restaurant kitchens today.
History
French cuisine has evolved for centuries, taking inspiration from various countries and cultures across Europe. The roots of its development can be traced back to medieval Europe when a distinctive national cuisine began taking form.
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This cuisine was characterized by lavish banquets and feasts organized by nobility to demonstrate their wealth and status, featuring exotic ingredients brought in from distant trade routes.
The 17th century saw a distinct shift in French cuisine’s cooking style with chefs such as Francois Pierre La Varenne and Marie-Antoine Careme pioneering efforts to free French food of foreign influences and establish its own native style. They advocated using fresh, high-quality ingredients as well as techniques such as flambe, which involves setting alcohol ablaze to produce original desserts.